#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<features.h>
#include<linux/if_packet.h>
#include<linux/if_ether.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<sys/ioctl.h>
#include<net/if.h>
#include<net/ethernet.h>
#include<linux/ip.h>
#include<linux/tcp.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/time.h>


#define DATA_SIZE	100

#define SRC_ETHER_ADDR	"aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa"
#define DST_ETHER_ADDR	"bb:bb:bb:bb:bb:bb"
#define SRC_IP	"192.168.0.10"
#define DST_IP	"192.168.0.11"
#define SRC_PORT	80
#define DST_PORT	100

typedef struct PseudoHeader{

	unsigned long int source_ip;
	unsigned long int dest_ip;
	unsigned char reserved;
	unsigned char protocol;
	unsigned short int tcp_length;

}PseudoHeader;


int CreateRawSocket(int protocol_to_sniff)
{
	int rawsock;

	if((rawsock = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(protocol_to_sniff)))== -1)
	{
		perror("Error creating raw socket: ");
		exit(-1);
	}

	return rawsock;
}

int BindRawSocketToInterface(char *device, int rawsock, int protocol)
{
	
	struct sockaddr_ll sll;
	struct ifreq ifr;

	bzero(&sll, sizeof(sll));
	bzero(&ifr, sizeof(ifr));
	
	/* First Get the Interface Index  */


	strncpy((char *)ifr.ifr_name, device, IFNAMSIZ);
	if((ioctl(rawsock, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr)) == -1)
	{
		printf("Error getting Interface index !\n");
		exit(-1);
	}

	/* Bind our raw socket to this interface */

	sll.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
	sll.sll_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
	sll.sll_protocol = htons(protocol); 


	if((bind(rawsock, (struct sockaddr *)&sll, sizeof(sll)))== -1)
	{
		perror("Error binding raw socket to interface\n");
		exit(-1);
	}

	return 1;
	
}


int SendRawPacket(int rawsock, unsigned char *pkt, int pkt_len)
{
	int sent= 0;

	/* A simple write on the socket ..thats all it takes ! */

	if((sent = write(rawsock, pkt, pkt_len)) != pkt_len)
	{
		/* Error */
		printf("Could only send %d bytes of packet of length %d\n", sent, pkt_len);
		return 0;
	}

	return 1;
	

}

struct ethhdr* CreateEthernetHeader(char *src_mac, char *dst_mac, int protocol)
{
	struct ethhdr *ethernet_header;

	
	ethernet_header = (struct ethhdr *)malloc(sizeof(struct ethhdr));

	/* copy the Src mac addr */

	memcpy(ethernet_header->h_source, (void *)ether_aton(src_mac), 6);

	/* copy the Dst mac addr */

	memcpy(ethernet_header->h_dest, (void *)ether_aton(dst_mac), 6);

	/* copy the protocol */

	ethernet_header->h_proto = htons(protocol);

	/* done ...send the header back */

	return (ethernet_header);


}

/* Ripped from Richard Stevans Book */

unsigned short ComputeChecksum(unsigned char *data, int len)
{
         long sum = 0;  /* assume 32 bit long, 16 bit short */
	 unsigned short *temp = (unsigned short *)data;

         while(len > 1){
             sum += *temp++;
             if(sum & 0x80000000)   /* if high order bit set, fold */
               sum = (sum & 0xFFFF) + (sum >> 16);
             len -= 2;
         }

         if(len)       /* take care of left over byte */
             sum += (unsigned short) *((unsigned char *)temp);
          
         while(sum>>16)
             sum = (sum & 0xFFFF) + (sum >> 16);

        return ~sum;
}


struct iphdr *CreateIPHeader(/* Customize this as an exercise */)
{
	struct iphdr *ip_header;

	ip_header = (struct iphdr *)malloc(sizeof(struct iphdr));

	ip_header->version = 4;
	ip_header->ihl = (sizeof(struct iphdr))/4 ;
	ip_header->tos = 0;
	ip_header->tot_len = htons(sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr) + DATA_SIZE);
	ip_header->id = htons(111);
	ip_header->frag_off = 0;
	ip_header->ttl = 111;
	ip_header->protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
	ip_header->check = 0; /* We will calculate the checksum later */
	(in_addr_t)ip_header->saddr = inet_addr(SRC_IP);
	(in_addr_t)ip_header->daddr = inet_addr(DST_IP);


	/* Calculate the IP checksum now : 
	   The IP Checksum is only over the IP header */

	ip_header->check = ComputeChecksum((unsigned char *)ip_header, ip_header->ihl*4);

	return (ip_header);

}

struct tcphdr *CreateTcpHeader(/* Customization Exercise */)
{
	struct tcphdr *tcp_header;

	/* Check /usr/include/linux/tcp.h for header definiation */

	tcp_header = (struct tcphdr *)malloc(sizeof(struct tcphdr));

	
	tcp_header->source = htons(SRC_PORT);
	tcp_header->dest = htons(DST_PORT);
	tcp_header->seq = htonl(111);
	tcp_header->ack_seq = htonl(111);
	tcp_header->res1 = 0;
	tcp_header->doff = (sizeof(struct tcphdr))/4;
	tcp_header->syn = 1;
	tcp_header->window = htons(100);
	tcp_header->check = 0; /* Will calculate the checksum with pseudo-header later */
	tcp_header->urg_ptr = 0;

	return (tcp_header);
}

CreatePseudoHeaderAndComputeTcpChecksum(struct tcphdr *tcp_header, struct iphdr *ip_header, unsigned char *data)
{
	/*The TCP Checksum is calculated over the PseudoHeader + TCP header +Data*/

	/* Find the size of the TCP Header + Data */
	int segment_len = ntohs(ip_header->tot_len) - ip_header->ihl*4; 

	/* Total length over which TCP checksum will be computed */
	int header_len = sizeof(PseudoHeader) + segment_len;

	/* Allocate the memory */

	unsigned char *hdr = (unsigned char *)malloc(header_len);

	/* Fill in the pseudo header first */
	
	PseudoHeader *pseudo_header = (PseudoHeader *)hdr;

	pseudo_header->source_ip = ip_header->saddr;
	pseudo_header->dest_ip = ip_header->daddr;
	pseudo_header->reserved = 0;
	pseudo_header->protocol = ip_header->protocol;
	pseudo_header->tcp_length = htons(segment_len);

	
	/* Now copy TCP */

	memcpy((hdr + sizeof(PseudoHeader)), (void *)tcp_header, tcp_header->doff*4);

	/* Now copy the Data */

	memcpy((hdr + sizeof(PseudoHeader) + tcp_header->doff*4), data, DATA_SIZE);

	/* Calculate the Checksum */

	tcp_header->check = ComputeChecksum(hdr, header_len);

	/* Free the PseudoHeader */
	free(hdr);

	return ;

}

unsigned char *CreateData(int len)
{
	unsigned char *data = (unsigned char *)malloc(len);  
	struct timeval tv;
	struct timezone tz;
	int counter = len;	

	/* get time of the day */
	gettimeofday(&tv, &tz);

	/* seed the random number generator */

	srand(tv.tv_sec);
	
	/* Add random data for now */

	for(counter = 0  ; counter < len; counter++)
		data[counter] = 255.0 *rand()/(RAND_MAX +1.0);

	return data;
}


/* argv[1] is the device e.g. eth0    */
 
main(int argc, char **argv)
{

	int raw;
	unsigned char *packet;
	struct ethhdr* ethernet_header;
	struct iphdr *ip_header;
	struct tcphdr  *tcp_header;
	unsigned char *data;
	int pkt_len;

	
	/* Create the raw socket */

	raw = CreateRawSocket(ETH_P_ALL);

	/* Bind raw socket to interface */

	BindRawSocketToInterface(argv[1], raw, ETH_P_ALL);

	/* create Ethernet header */

	ethernet_header = CreateEthernetHeader(SRC_ETHER_ADDR, DST_ETHER_ADDR, ETHERTYPE_IP);

	/* Create IP Header */

	ip_header = CreateIPHeader();

	/* Create TCP Header */

	tcp_header = CreateTcpHeader();

	/* Create Data */

	data = CreateData(DATA_SIZE);

	/* Create PseudoHeader and compute TCP Checksum  */

	CreatePseudoHeaderAndComputeTcpChecksum(tcp_header, ip_header, data);


	/* Packet length = ETH + IP header + TCP header + Data*/

	pkt_len = sizeof(struct ethhdr) + ntohs(ip_header->tot_len);

	/* Allocate memory */

	packet = (unsigned char *)malloc(pkt_len);

	/* Copy the Ethernet header first */

	memcpy(packet, ethernet_header, sizeof(struct ethhdr));

	/* Copy the IP header -- but after the ethernet header */

	memcpy((packet + sizeof(struct ethhdr)), ip_header, ip_header->ihl*4);

	/* Copy the TCP header after the IP header */

	memcpy((packet + sizeof(struct ethhdr) + ip_header->ihl*4),tcp_header, tcp_header->doff*4);
	
	/* Copy the Data after the TCP header */

	memcpy((packet + sizeof(struct ethhdr) + ip_header->ihl*4 + tcp_header->doff*4), data, DATA_SIZE);

	/* send the packet on the wire */
	
	if(!SendRawPacket(raw, packet, pkt_len))
	{
		perror("Error sending packet");
	}
	else
		printf("Packet sent successfully\n");

	/* Free the headers back to the heavenly heap */

	free(ethernet_header);
	free(ip_header);
	free(tcp_header);
	free(data);
	free(packet);

	close(raw);

	return 0;
}